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ribosomal ribonucleic acid  (ATCC)


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    Structured Review

    ATCC ribosomal ribonucleic acid
    Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 105 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/ribosomal+ribonucleic+acid/Saccharomyces+cerevisiae+Meyen+ex+E%2EC%2E+Hansen/pm41774391-98-193-200
    Average 97 stars, based on 105 article reviews
    ribosomal ribonucleic acid - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    97/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    AST Assay:

    Article Title: Kefir and Its By-Products Supplementation Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, Improves Intestinal Barrier Integrity, and Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Animal Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.
    Article Snippet: AA: acetic acid; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BALB: bagg albino; Bax: Bcl-2-Associated X; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; CAT: catalase; CFU: colony forming units; CMKP: cow milk kefir powder; Cox-2: cyclooxygenase-2; DAI: Disease Activity Index; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate; DSS: Dextran Sulfate Sodium; ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; EV: extracellular vesicles; FRAP: ferric reducing antioxidant activity; G1: group 1; G2: group 2; G3: group 3; G4: group 4; G5: group 5; G6: group 6; G7: group 7; Hb: hemoglobin; Hct: hematocrit; HDL: high density lipoprotein; HNKP: Hawm Nil rice kefir powder; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; Ifn-γ: interferon-γ; IL: interleucin; IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; JNK: C-jun N-terminal kinase; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; KMA4: Kluyveromyces marxianus A4; LDL: low density lipoprotein; LHLZ-R-5: Lactobacillus helveticus LZ-R-5; L-MKG: lyophilized milk kefir grains; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; MDA: malondialdehyde; MPO: myeloperoxidase; MUC2: mucin 2; MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response 88; NC: normal control; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa beta; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; qRT-PCR: real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; RBC: red blood cell; rRNA: ribosomal ribonucleic acid; Sb MYA-796: Saccharomyces boulardii ATCC MYA-796; SFCAs: short-chain fatty acids; SGFT: simulated gastrointestinal fluid test; SNESNS: self‐nanoemulsifying self‐nanosuspension; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TG: triglycerides; TJ: tight junction; TLR: toll-like receptor; TNBS: trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; WBC: white blood cell; ZO-1: zonula occludens-1 Table 3 (continued) 1 3 (Chao1 and Shannon) in colitis models and increased relative abundance of Blautia, without full restoration of microbial richness or diversity [19].

    Activity Assay:

    Article Title: Kefir and Its By-Products Supplementation Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, Improves Intestinal Barrier Integrity, and Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Animal Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.
    Article Snippet: AA: acetic acid; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BALB: bagg albino; Bax: Bcl-2-Associated X; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; CAT: catalase; CFU: colony forming units; CMKP: cow milk kefir powder; Cox-2: cyclooxygenase-2; DAI: Disease Activity Index; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate; DSS: Dextran Sulfate Sodium; ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; EV: extracellular vesicles; FRAP: ferric reducing antioxidant activity; G1: group 1; G2: group 2; G3: group 3; G4: group 4; G5: group 5; G6: group 6; G7: group 7; Hb: hemoglobin; Hct: hematocrit; HDL: high density lipoprotein; HNKP: Hawm Nil rice kefir powder; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; Ifn-γ: interferon-γ; IL: interleucin; IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; JNK: C-jun N-terminal kinase; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; KMA4: Kluyveromyces marxianus A4; LDL: low density lipoprotein; LHLZ-R-5: Lactobacillus helveticus LZ-R-5; L-MKG: lyophilized milk kefir grains; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; MDA: malondialdehyde; MPO: myeloperoxidase; MUC2: mucin 2; MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response 88; NC: normal control; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa beta; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; qRT-PCR: real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; RBC: red blood cell; rRNA: ribosomal ribonucleic acid; Sb MYA-796: Saccharomyces boulardii ATCC MYA-796; SFCAs: short-chain fatty acids; SGFT: simulated gastrointestinal fluid test; SNESNS: self‐nanoemulsifying self‐nanosuspension; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TG: triglycerides; TJ: tight junction; TLR: toll-like receptor; TNBS: trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; WBC: white blood cell; ZO-1: zonula occludens-1 Table 3 (continued) 1 3 (Chao1 and Shannon) in colitis models and increased relative abundance of Blautia, without full restoration of microbial richness or diversity [19].

    Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay:

    Article Title: Kefir and Its By-Products Supplementation Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, Improves Intestinal Barrier Integrity, and Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Animal Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.
    Article Snippet: AA: acetic acid; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BALB: bagg albino; Bax: Bcl-2-Associated X; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; CAT: catalase; CFU: colony forming units; CMKP: cow milk kefir powder; Cox-2: cyclooxygenase-2; DAI: Disease Activity Index; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate; DSS: Dextran Sulfate Sodium; ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; EV: extracellular vesicles; FRAP: ferric reducing antioxidant activity; G1: group 1; G2: group 2; G3: group 3; G4: group 4; G5: group 5; G6: group 6; G7: group 7; Hb: hemoglobin; Hct: hematocrit; HDL: high density lipoprotein; HNKP: Hawm Nil rice kefir powder; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; Ifn-γ: interferon-γ; IL: interleucin; IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; JNK: C-jun N-terminal kinase; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; KMA4: Kluyveromyces marxianus A4; LDL: low density lipoprotein; LHLZ-R-5: Lactobacillus helveticus LZ-R-5; L-MKG: lyophilized milk kefir grains; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; MDA: malondialdehyde; MPO: myeloperoxidase; MUC2: mucin 2; MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response 88; NC: normal control; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa beta; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; qRT-PCR: real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; RBC: red blood cell; rRNA: ribosomal ribonucleic acid; Sb MYA-796: Saccharomyces boulardii ATCC MYA-796; SFCAs: short-chain fatty acids; SGFT: simulated gastrointestinal fluid test; SNESNS: self‐nanoemulsifying self‐nanosuspension; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TG: triglycerides; TJ: tight junction; TLR: toll-like receptor; TNBS: trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; WBC: white blood cell; ZO-1: zonula occludens-1 Table 3 (continued) 1 3 (Chao1 and Shannon) in colitis models and increased relative abundance of Blautia, without full restoration of microbial richness or diversity [19].

    Antioxidant Activity Assay:

    Article Title: Kefir and Its By-Products Supplementation Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, Improves Intestinal Barrier Integrity, and Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Animal Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.
    Article Snippet: AA: acetic acid; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BALB: bagg albino; Bax: Bcl-2-Associated X; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; CAT: catalase; CFU: colony forming units; CMKP: cow milk kefir powder; Cox-2: cyclooxygenase-2; DAI: Disease Activity Index; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate; DSS: Dextran Sulfate Sodium; ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; EV: extracellular vesicles; FRAP: ferric reducing antioxidant activity; G1: group 1; G2: group 2; G3: group 3; G4: group 4; G5: group 5; G6: group 6; G7: group 7; Hb: hemoglobin; Hct: hematocrit; HDL: high density lipoprotein; HNKP: Hawm Nil rice kefir powder; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; Ifn-γ: interferon-γ; IL: interleucin; IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; JNK: C-jun N-terminal kinase; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; KMA4: Kluyveromyces marxianus A4; LDL: low density lipoprotein; LHLZ-R-5: Lactobacillus helveticus LZ-R-5; L-MKG: lyophilized milk kefir grains; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; MDA: malondialdehyde; MPO: myeloperoxidase; MUC2: mucin 2; MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response 88; NC: normal control; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa beta; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; qRT-PCR: real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; RBC: red blood cell; rRNA: ribosomal ribonucleic acid; Sb MYA-796: Saccharomyces boulardii ATCC MYA-796; SFCAs: short-chain fatty acids; SGFT: simulated gastrointestinal fluid test; SNESNS: self‐nanoemulsifying self‐nanosuspension; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TG: triglycerides; TJ: tight junction; TLR: toll-like receptor; TNBS: trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; WBC: white blood cell; ZO-1: zonula occludens-1 Table 3 (continued) 1 3 (Chao1 and Shannon) in colitis models and increased relative abundance of Blautia, without full restoration of microbial richness or diversity [19].

    Concentration Assay:

    Article Title: Kefir and Its By-Products Supplementation Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, Improves Intestinal Barrier Integrity, and Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Animal Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.
    Article Snippet: AA: acetic acid; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BALB: bagg albino; Bax: Bcl-2-Associated X; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; CAT: catalase; CFU: colony forming units; CMKP: cow milk kefir powder; Cox-2: cyclooxygenase-2; DAI: Disease Activity Index; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate; DSS: Dextran Sulfate Sodium; ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; EV: extracellular vesicles; FRAP: ferric reducing antioxidant activity; G1: group 1; G2: group 2; G3: group 3; G4: group 4; G5: group 5; G6: group 6; G7: group 7; Hb: hemoglobin; Hct: hematocrit; HDL: high density lipoprotein; HNKP: Hawm Nil rice kefir powder; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; Ifn-γ: interferon-γ; IL: interleucin; IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; JNK: C-jun N-terminal kinase; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; KMA4: Kluyveromyces marxianus A4; LDL: low density lipoprotein; LHLZ-R-5: Lactobacillus helveticus LZ-R-5; L-MKG: lyophilized milk kefir grains; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; MDA: malondialdehyde; MPO: myeloperoxidase; MUC2: mucin 2; MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response 88; NC: normal control; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa beta; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; qRT-PCR: real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; RBC: red blood cell; rRNA: ribosomal ribonucleic acid; Sb MYA-796: Saccharomyces boulardii ATCC MYA-796; SFCAs: short-chain fatty acids; SGFT: simulated gastrointestinal fluid test; SNESNS: self‐nanoemulsifying self‐nanosuspension; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TG: triglycerides; TJ: tight junction; TLR: toll-like receptor; TNBS: trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; WBC: white blood cell; ZO-1: zonula occludens-1 Table 3 (continued) 1 3 (Chao1 and Shannon) in colitis models and increased relative abundance of Blautia, without full restoration of microbial richness or diversity [19].

    Multiple Displacement Amplification:

    Article Title: Kefir and Its By-Products Supplementation Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, Improves Intestinal Barrier Integrity, and Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Animal Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.
    Article Snippet: AA: acetic acid; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BALB: bagg albino; Bax: Bcl-2-Associated X; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; CAT: catalase; CFU: colony forming units; CMKP: cow milk kefir powder; Cox-2: cyclooxygenase-2; DAI: Disease Activity Index; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate; DSS: Dextran Sulfate Sodium; ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; EV: extracellular vesicles; FRAP: ferric reducing antioxidant activity; G1: group 1; G2: group 2; G3: group 3; G4: group 4; G5: group 5; G6: group 6; G7: group 7; Hb: hemoglobin; Hct: hematocrit; HDL: high density lipoprotein; HNKP: Hawm Nil rice kefir powder; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; Ifn-γ: interferon-γ; IL: interleucin; IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; JNK: C-jun N-terminal kinase; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; KMA4: Kluyveromyces marxianus A4; LDL: low density lipoprotein; LHLZ-R-5: Lactobacillus helveticus LZ-R-5; L-MKG: lyophilized milk kefir grains; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; MDA: malondialdehyde; MPO: myeloperoxidase; MUC2: mucin 2; MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response 88; NC: normal control; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa beta; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; qRT-PCR: real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; RBC: red blood cell; rRNA: ribosomal ribonucleic acid; Sb MYA-796: Saccharomyces boulardii ATCC MYA-796; SFCAs: short-chain fatty acids; SGFT: simulated gastrointestinal fluid test; SNESNS: self‐nanoemulsifying self‐nanosuspension; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TG: triglycerides; TJ: tight junction; TLR: toll-like receptor; TNBS: trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; WBC: white blood cell; ZO-1: zonula occludens-1 Table 3 (continued) 1 3 (Chao1 and Shannon) in colitis models and increased relative abundance of Blautia, without full restoration of microbial richness or diversity [19].

    Control:

    Article Title: Kefir and Its By-Products Supplementation Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, Improves Intestinal Barrier Integrity, and Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Animal Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.
    Article Snippet: AA: acetic acid; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BALB: bagg albino; Bax: Bcl-2-Associated X; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; CAT: catalase; CFU: colony forming units; CMKP: cow milk kefir powder; Cox-2: cyclooxygenase-2; DAI: Disease Activity Index; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate; DSS: Dextran Sulfate Sodium; ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; EV: extracellular vesicles; FRAP: ferric reducing antioxidant activity; G1: group 1; G2: group 2; G3: group 3; G4: group 4; G5: group 5; G6: group 6; G7: group 7; Hb: hemoglobin; Hct: hematocrit; HDL: high density lipoprotein; HNKP: Hawm Nil rice kefir powder; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; Ifn-γ: interferon-γ; IL: interleucin; IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; JNK: C-jun N-terminal kinase; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; KMA4: Kluyveromyces marxianus A4; LDL: low density lipoprotein; LHLZ-R-5: Lactobacillus helveticus LZ-R-5; L-MKG: lyophilized milk kefir grains; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; MDA: malondialdehyde; MPO: myeloperoxidase; MUC2: mucin 2; MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response 88; NC: normal control; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa beta; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; qRT-PCR: real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; RBC: red blood cell; rRNA: ribosomal ribonucleic acid; Sb MYA-796: Saccharomyces boulardii ATCC MYA-796; SFCAs: short-chain fatty acids; SGFT: simulated gastrointestinal fluid test; SNESNS: self‐nanoemulsifying self‐nanosuspension; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TG: triglycerides; TJ: tight junction; TLR: toll-like receptor; TNBS: trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; WBC: white blood cell; ZO-1: zonula occludens-1 Table 3 (continued) 1 3 (Chao1 and Shannon) in colitis models and increased relative abundance of Blautia, without full restoration of microbial richness or diversity [19].

    Saline:

    Article Title: Kefir and Its By-Products Supplementation Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, Improves Intestinal Barrier Integrity, and Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Animal Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.
    Article Snippet: AA: acetic acid; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BALB: bagg albino; Bax: Bcl-2-Associated X; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; CAT: catalase; CFU: colony forming units; CMKP: cow milk kefir powder; Cox-2: cyclooxygenase-2; DAI: Disease Activity Index; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate; DSS: Dextran Sulfate Sodium; ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; EV: extracellular vesicles; FRAP: ferric reducing antioxidant activity; G1: group 1; G2: group 2; G3: group 3; G4: group 4; G5: group 5; G6: group 6; G7: group 7; Hb: hemoglobin; Hct: hematocrit; HDL: high density lipoprotein; HNKP: Hawm Nil rice kefir powder; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; Ifn-γ: interferon-γ; IL: interleucin; IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; JNK: C-jun N-terminal kinase; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; KMA4: Kluyveromyces marxianus A4; LDL: low density lipoprotein; LHLZ-R-5: Lactobacillus helveticus LZ-R-5; L-MKG: lyophilized milk kefir grains; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; MDA: malondialdehyde; MPO: myeloperoxidase; MUC2: mucin 2; MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response 88; NC: normal control; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa beta; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; qRT-PCR: real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; RBC: red blood cell; rRNA: ribosomal ribonucleic acid; Sb MYA-796: Saccharomyces boulardii ATCC MYA-796; SFCAs: short-chain fatty acids; SGFT: simulated gastrointestinal fluid test; SNESNS: self‐nanoemulsifying self‐nanosuspension; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TG: triglycerides; TJ: tight junction; TLR: toll-like receptor; TNBS: trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; WBC: white blood cell; ZO-1: zonula occludens-1 Table 3 (continued) 1 3 (Chao1 and Shannon) in colitis models and increased relative abundance of Blautia, without full restoration of microbial richness or diversity [19].

    Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction:

    Article Title: Kefir and Its By-Products Supplementation Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, Improves Intestinal Barrier Integrity, and Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Animal Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.
    Article Snippet: AA: acetic acid; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BALB: bagg albino; Bax: Bcl-2-Associated X; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; CAT: catalase; CFU: colony forming units; CMKP: cow milk kefir powder; Cox-2: cyclooxygenase-2; DAI: Disease Activity Index; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate; DSS: Dextran Sulfate Sodium; ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; EV: extracellular vesicles; FRAP: ferric reducing antioxidant activity; G1: group 1; G2: group 2; G3: group 3; G4: group 4; G5: group 5; G6: group 6; G7: group 7; Hb: hemoglobin; Hct: hematocrit; HDL: high density lipoprotein; HNKP: Hawm Nil rice kefir powder; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; Ifn-γ: interferon-γ; IL: interleucin; IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; JNK: C-jun N-terminal kinase; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; KMA4: Kluyveromyces marxianus A4; LDL: low density lipoprotein; LHLZ-R-5: Lactobacillus helveticus LZ-R-5; L-MKG: lyophilized milk kefir grains; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; MDA: malondialdehyde; MPO: myeloperoxidase; MUC2: mucin 2; MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response 88; NC: normal control; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa beta; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; qRT-PCR: real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; RBC: red blood cell; rRNA: ribosomal ribonucleic acid; Sb MYA-796: Saccharomyces boulardii ATCC MYA-796; SFCAs: short-chain fatty acids; SGFT: simulated gastrointestinal fluid test; SNESNS: self‐nanoemulsifying self‐nanosuspension; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TG: triglycerides; TJ: tight junction; TLR: toll-like receptor; TNBS: trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; WBC: white blood cell; ZO-1: zonula occludens-1 Table 3 (continued) 1 3 (Chao1 and Shannon) in colitis models and increased relative abundance of Blautia, without full restoration of microbial richness or diversity [19].



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